Sorted Vowel Substitution

let
  Source = Excel.CurrentWorkbook(){[Name = "Table1"]}[Content], 
  Ans = Table.TransformRows(
    Source, 
    each 
      let
        v = "uoiea", 
        m = Text.ToList([Strings]), 
        V = List.Sort(m, each - Text.PositionOf(v, _)), 
        L = List.Accumulate(
          m, 
          {}, 
          (s, l) => s & {List.Last(s, 0) + Number.From(Text.PositionOf(v, l) >= 0)}
        )
      in
        Text.Combine(
          List.Transform(
            {0 .. List.Count(m) - 1}, 
            each if Text.PositionOf(v, m{_}) >= 0 then V{L{_} - 1} else m{_}
          )
        )
  )
in
  Ans

let
  Source = Excel.CurrentWorkbook(){[Name = "Input"]}[Content], 
  S = Table.TransformRows(
    Source, 
    each 
      let
        c = Text.ToList([Strings]), 
        s = {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u"}, 
        v = List.Sort(Text.ToList(Text.Select([Strings], s)))
      in
        Text.Combine(
          List.Transform(
            List.Positions(c), 
            each 
              let
                f = List.PositionOf(List.PositionOfAny(c, s, 2), _)
              in
                if f = - 1 then c{_} else v{f}
          )
        )
  )
in
  S

let
  Source = Excel.CurrentWorkbook(){[Name = "Table1"]}[Content], 
  Sol = Table.AddColumn(
    Source, 
    "Answer", 
    each 
      let
        a = Text.ToList([Strings]), 
        b = Text.PositionOfAny([Strings], {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u"}, Occurrence.All), 
        c = List.Zip({{0 .. Text.Length([Strings]) - 1}, a}), 
        d = List.Zip({b, List.Sort(List.Transform(b, each a{_}), Order.Ascending)}), 
        e = List.Select(c, each not List.Contains({"a", "e", "i", "o", "u"}, _{1}))
      in
        Text.Combine(Table.Sort(Table.FromRows(e & d), {"Column1"})[Column2])
  )[[Answer]]
in
  Sol

let
  Fonte = Query_Tabela1, 
  res = Table.AddColumn(
    Fonte, 
    "Personalizar", 
    each [
      a = Text.PositionOfAny([Strings], {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u"}, Occurrence.All), 
      b = List.Sort(Text.ToList(Text.Select([Strings], {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u"}))), 
      c = List.Zip({a, b}), 
      d = Text.PositionOfAny([Strings], {"a" .. "z"}, Occurrence.All), 
      e = Text.ToList([Strings]), 
      f = List.Zip({d, e}), 
      g = List.ReplaceMatchingItems(d, c), 
      h = Text.Combine(List.ReplaceMatchingItems(g, f))
    ][h]
  )
in
  res

let
  Source = Data, 
  Output = Table.AddColumn(
    Source, 
    "Result", 
    each [
      x = List.Sort(Text.ToList(Text.Select([Strings], {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u"}))), 
      y = Text.PositionOfAny([Strings], x, Occurrence.All), 
      z = List.Accumulate(
        {0 .. List.Count(y) - 1}, 
        [Strings], 
        (state, current) => Text.ReplaceRange(state, y{current}, 1, x{current})
      )
    ][z]
  )
in
  Output

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(a,LET(v,"aeiou",m,MID(a,SEQUENCE(LEN(a)),1),f,FIND(m,v),e,ISERR(f),CONCAT(IF(e,m,INDEX(SORTBY(m,f),SCAN(0,e,LAMBDA(a,x,a+1-x))))))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(a,LET(s,SEQUENCE(LEN(a)),m,MID(a,s,1),f,FIND(m,"aeiou"),CONCAT(SORTBY(SORTBY(m,f),SORTBY(s,ISERR(f)))))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(a,IFERROR(LET(c,MID(a,SEQUENCE(LEN(a)),1),v,SORT(TOROW(MAP(SUBSTITUTE(c," ",""),LAMBDA(x,IF(ISNUMBER(FIND(x,"aeiou")),x,0/0))),2),,,1),r,REDUCE("",c,LAMBDA(a,z,a&IF(ISNUMBER(FIND(z,"aeiou")),"@",z))),REDUCE(r,v,LAMBDA(a,x,SUBSTITUTE(a,"@",x,1)))),a)))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(x,LET(v,MID(x,SEQUENCE(LEN(x)),1),p,FIND(v,"aeiou"),e,ISERR(p),CONCAT(IF(e,v,INDEX(SORTBY(v,p),SCAN(0,e,LAMBDA(a,v,1+a-v))))))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(a,LET(s,SEQUENCE(LEN(a)),d,MID(a,s,1),e,XMATCH(d,{"a","e","i","o","u"}),i,ISNUMBER(e),IFERROR(CONCAT(IFNA(XLOOKUP(s,FILTER(s,i),SORT(FILTER(d,i))),d)),a))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(a,LET(s,SEQUENCE(20),n,MID(a,s,1),h,IFNA(XMATCH(n,{"a","e","i","o","u"}),),x,FILTER(s,h),
IFERROR(REDUCE(a,SEQUENCE(ROWS(x)),LAMBDA(v,d,REPLACE(v,INDEX(x,d),1,INDEX(SORT(FILTER(n,h)),d)))),a))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(a,LET(s,SEQUENCE(
LEN(a)),d,MID(a,s,1),i,IFNA(XMATCH(d,{"a","e",
"i","o","u"}),),IFERROR(CONCAT(IFNA(XLOOKUP(s,FILTER(s,i),SORT(FILTER(d,i))),d)),a))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(v,LET(a,SEQUENCE(LEN(v)),b,MID(v,a,1),c,(b="a")+(b="e")+(b="i")+(b="o")+(b="u"),d,SCAN(0,a*c,LAMBDA(x,y,IF(y>0,1+x,x))),e,SORT(FILTER(b,c,"")),f,SEQUENCE(ROWS(e)),CONCAT(IFNA(XLOOKUP(c*d,f,e),b)))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(S,LET(SP,MID(S,SEQUENCE(LEN(S)),1),V,ISNUMBER(SEARCH(SP,"aeiou")),T,SCAN(0,V,LAMBDA(A,B,A+B)),CONCAT(IF(V,INDEX(SORT(FILTER(SP,V)),T),SP)))))

=MAP(A2:A10, LAMBDA(z, LET(A, MID(z,SEQUENCE(LEN(z)),1), 
B,{"a";"e";"i";"o";"u"}, D,MAP(A, LAMBDA(x, ISNUMBER(XMATCH(x,B)) )),
E, SCAN(0,SEQUENCE(ROWS(A)), LAMBDA(a,v, IF(INDEX(D,v),a+1,a) )),
F, MAP(SEQUENCE(ROWS(A)), LAMBDA(x, IF(x>1,IF(INDEX(E,x-1)=INDEX(E,x),0,INDEX(E,x)),INDEX(E,x)) )),
G, SORT(FILTER(A,D)),
CONCAT(MAP(SEQUENCE(ROWS(A)), LAMBDA(x, IF(INDEX(F,x)=0,INDEX(A,x),INDEX(G,INDEX(F,x))) )))) ))

=MAP(A2:A10, LAMBDA(x, LET(a, MID(x,SEQUENCE(LEN(x)), 1),
b, {"a","e","i","o","u","y"}, c, ISNA(XMATCH(a,b)),
TEXTJOIN(SORT(FILTER(a, NOT(c))),0, TEXTSPLIT(CONCAT(IF(c, a, " ")), " ")))))

=MAP(A2:A10, LAMBDA(a, LET(_s, SEQUENCE(LEN(a)),_w, MID(a,_s,1),_f, FILTER(HSTACK(_w,_s), ISNUMBER(XMATCH(_w,{"a";"e";"i";"o";"u"}))), IFERROR(REDUCE(a, SEQUENCE(ROWS(_f)), LAMBDA(i, x, REPLACE(i, INDEX(_f, x, 2), 1, INDEX(ORDER(_f), x, 1)))), a))))

=MAP(
 A2:A10,
 LAMBDA(x,
 LET(
 _vow, {"a"; "e"; "i"; "o"; "u"},
 _m, MID(x, SEQUENCE(LEN(x)), 1),
 _seq, SEQUENCE(LEN(x)),
 _loc1, XMATCH(_m, _vow),
 _loc2, TOCOL(IFS(_loc1, _seq), 3),
 _sc, SORT(TOCOL(IFS(_loc1, _m), 3)),
 IFERROR(
 REDUCE(
 x,
 SEQUENCE(ROWS(_loc2)),
 LAMBDA(a, v, REPLACE(a, INDEX(_loc2, v, 1), 1, INDEX(_sc, v, 1)))
 ),
 x
 )
 )
 )
)

=LET(data,A2:A10,vowels,{"a";"e";"i";"o";"u";"y"},
MAP(data,LAMBDA(strings,LET(
split,MID(strings,SEQUENCE(LEN(strings)),1),
seq,SEQUENCE(ROWS(split)),
m,TOCOL(MAP(split,seq,LAMBDA(a,b,IF(OR(a=vowels),b,NA()))),3),
r,SORT(DROP(REDUCE("",split,LAMBDA(a,v,IF(OR(v=vowels),VSTACK(a,v),a))),1)),
CONCAT(MAP(seq,LAMBDA(
a,IF(OR(a=m),INDEX(r,XMATCH(a,m)),INDEX(split,a)))))))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(x,LET(
str,x,
vow,{"a","e","i","o","u"},
chr, MID(str, SEQUENCE(,LEN(str)),1),
isvow,ISNUMBER(XMATCH(chr, vow,0)),
flt, SORT(FILTER(chr,isvow),,,TRUE),
sc, SCAN(0,--isvow, LAMBDA(x,y, x+y)),
IFERROR(CONCAT(IF(isvow, INDEX(flt,1,sc),chr)),str))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(w,LET(l,MID(w,SEQUENCE(LEN(w)),1),t,ISERR(SEARCH(l,"aeiou")),s,SORT(IF(t,"z",l)),CONCAT(IF(t,l,INDEX(s,SCAN(0,--ISNUMBER(XMATCH(l,s)),LAMBDA(a,b,a+b))))))))

=BYROW(A2:A10,LAMBDA(wd,LET(
vw,{"a";"e";"I";"o";"u"},
sq,SEQUENCE(LEN(wd)),
orgtbl,HSTACK(sq,MID(wd,sq,1)),
vwtbl,FILTER(orgtbl,ISNUMBER(XMATCH(TAKE(orgtbl,,-1),vw))),
cntbl,FILTER(orgtbl,ISNA(XMATCH(TAKE(orgtbl,,-1),vw))),
nworder,HSTACK(TAKE(vwtbl,,1),SORT(TAKE(vwtbl,,-1))),
IFERROR(CONCAT(TAKE(SORT(VSTACK(cntbl,nworder)),,-1)),wd))))

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(a,
 LET(seq,SEQUENCE(LEN(a)),
 letters,MID(a,seq,1),
 notVowel,ISERR(SEARCH(letters,"aeiou")),
 step1,SORTBY(letters,IF(notVowel,seq,1000),,letters,),
 step2,SORTBY(seq,notVowel,-1),
 step3,SORTBY(step1,step2),
 CONCAT(step3))))

The idea is:
1. Sort the letters so the vowels are at the end and sorted in order.
2. Sort a sequence 1 to # of letters according to whether the corresponding letters are vowels or consonants (with the consonants first).
3. 'Unsort' the vowels and consonants from (1) back into the right relative order using (2)

=MAP(A2:A10,LAMBDA(x,
LET(l,SEQUENCE(LEN(x)),
t,MID(x,l,1),
v,{"a","e","i","o","u"},
p,ISNA(XMATCH(t,v)),
ct,FILTER(TEXT(l,"00")&t,p,""),
vt,FILTER(TEXT(l,"00"),1-p,"")&SORT(FILTER(t,1-p,"")),
CONCAT(RIGHT(SORT(VSTACK(vt,ct)))))))

VBA solution:
Option Base 1
Function f_trierVoyelles(ByVal texte As String) As String
Dim estVoyelle As Variant
Dim resultat As String
voyelles = Array("a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "y")
nb = Array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
ReDim estVoyelle(1 To Len(texte))
For i = 1 To Len(texte)
 lettre = Mid(texte, i, 1)
 For x = 1 To UBound(voyelles, 1)
 If voyelles(x) = lettre Then
 nb(x) = nb(x) + 1
 estVoyelle(i) = True
 Exit For
 End If
 Next x
Next i
For i = 1 To Len(texte)
 If estVoyelle(i) Then
 For x = 1 To UBound(nb, 1)
 If nb(x) > 0 Then
 resultat = resultat & voyelles(x)
 nb(x) = nb(x) - 1
 Exit For
 End If
 Next x
 Else
 resultat = resultat & Mid(texte, i, 1)
 End If
Next i
f_trierVoyelles = resultat
End Function